   Gasoline utes, Diesels and Hybrids. Click image to enlarge |
Review by Jacob Black, Jeff Wilson, Lesley Wimbush and Jonathan Yarkony; photos by Chris Coughlin, Brian Weeks and Jeff Wilson
2014 Acura MDX
2014 BMW X5 xDrive35i
2014 Infiniti QX60 Hybrid
2014 Land Rover Range Rover Sport
2014 Lexus RX450h
2014 Mercedes-Benz ML 350 Bluetec
2014 Porsche Cayenne Diesel
Luxury SUVs might not be everybody’s cup of tea, but these days it seems like everybody and their sister want one (or two). The better the economy gets, the more of these things pop up on our roads, and with good reason.
To put it plainly, these are nice vehicles. Easy to get in and out of, easy to see ahead (over diminutive and bourgeois cars), fine craftsmanship, comfort and refinement, plenty of room for the whole family and all your gear or shopping, good power to haul everyone and everything (for the most part) and composed handling that will satisfy most drivers’ needs. Sports cars they are not, though some approach them to a degree that would surprise you. However, this is a varied segment, widely varied in price and mission, so it was a bit of a challenge to collect an even set of competitors.
When collecting our group of luxury SUVs, we sent in requests to Acura, Audi, BMW, Infiniti, Land Rover, Lexus, Mercedes-Benz and Porsche, and we ended up with the seven popular mid-size luxury SUVs in Canada.
The sales king of the segment is the Lexus RX, selling over 7,000 units per year (all sales numbers as reported on goodcarbadcar.net), but in order to compete with larger, more expensive models, we requested the highest-spec model we could get and were delivered an RX 450h hybrid with the Executive Package ringing in at almost $80K. The Executive Package alone was $15K, but it was a helluva package! Would the comfort, refinement, features and efficiency be enough to win the comparison?
The next most popular lux SUV in Canada is the Acura MDX, available with only one drivetrain choice, a 3.5L gasoline V6, the acclaimed super-handling AWD and a practical sevens seats. But its ace in the hole is value: at $68,085, its combination of sportiness and practicality is a winner. However, we had concerns over its infotainment system going in based on our experiences during an MDX long-term test this past winter.
And of course, the Germans.
The Audi Q7 was unavailable, and although we were tempted to request the Q5 as the only car approaching the RX in sales numbers, but concluded it is just too small for this set.
BMW’s X5 is fresh off a refresh with updated design and dynamics, but the ever-popular turbo straight-six was a perfect fit for power, efficiency and cost of entry. Even so, it was the second-most expensive at $83,740, so it would have to really impress to overcome its pricing.
Mercedes-Benz counters with its signature diesel, the ML 350 Bluetec, also one of the most popular mid-size premium utilities, and especially in efficient and torquey diesel trim. However, it’s not a new design, so would newer technology and fresher designs overshadow this tried and tested SUV. It was also reasonably priced at $74,625.
The Land Rover Range Rover Sport is a fetching design and with its new supercharged 3.0L V6 and extreme weight loss thanks to extensive use of aluminum promised at least reasonable efficiency. At $86,610, it was the priciest in the group, but did we mention how pretty it was?
  2014 Luxury SUV Comparison. Click image to enlarge |
We first requested the Infiniti QX70 as the appropriate challenger to the sporty X5 and Range Rover Sport, but it was unavailable and is a bit of an afterthought on the market, and the QX60 (JX35 last year) was an immediate success, but the only model available was the new Hybrid. We thought the gasoline-powered QX60 would have been a better competitor (as we did for the Pathfinder in the mid-size SUV comparison last year, which the hybrid narrowly missed winning), but the pricing was much more in line with the others and a matchup with the RX hybrid made it a good fit.
Funny thing is, despite winning an Autos.ca Top Pick, we almost forgot to invite the Cayenne, but we were lucky enough to secure a reasonably priced Porsche Cayenne Diesel to complete our bracket setup. You see, after listing all the SUVs once our booking were made, we saw that we had two hybrids, two diesels, and three gassers, so we thought we’d go with a bit of a segmented approach and present these vehicles in their niche, although all our scoring was universal, so there are overall places and winners in each subcategory and, of course, one big winner. We hope you enjoy our little experiment, and as always, look forward to your comments and reaction in our Autos.ca forum.
  2014 Infiniti QX60 Hybrid & 2014 Lexus RX 450h. Click image to enlarge |
The Hybrids, Jeff Wilson
Infiniti QX60 Hybrid and Lexus RX450h
Some of the SUVs in this group are rugged and durable, suitable for fairly significant off-road feats. Others in the midst are capable of mind-bending, physics-defying on-road performance.
These two fall into neither category.
Instead they’re the crusaders of the People’s Environmental Front. The mileage marathoners. The pimply-faced nerds from high school who went on to launch high-tech companies.
So let’s cut to the chase: these two clearly aced our observed fuel consumption category during our two-day test session, right?
Wrong.
While the Lexus did manage to pull off the second-best consumption rate of the day (11.0 L/100 km) behind the Porsche, the Infiniti placed a few dribbles above the worst-in-test BMW, netting a second-worst showing at a rather embarrassing 14.3 L/100 km.
The normal QX60’s venerable 3.5L V6 with 265 hp has been replaced in the Hybrid model with a 2.5L, supercharged inline-four-cylinder that strains out 230 hp and 248 lb-ft of torque at a relatively high 4,400 rpm. Even with the help of a 20-hp electric motor, the 2,100-kg bus never had a chance to roll along in electric-only mode, instead wheezing unhappily under its own mass.
The Lexus at least has a less-strained 3.5L V6 thanks to an electric motor issuing 50 hp for a combined 295-hp output (on its own the V6 rates only 245) enabling the RX to move along at slower speeds on zappy-power. That more powerful hybrid system needs a lot of battery juice, contributing to the RX450h’s mass of more than 2,100 kg despite being significantly smaller than the QX60h.
The Lexus has some helpful engineering touches that make saving fuel easier – for example, one commenter noted that you have to push the pedal with concerted effort in order to open up the gas engine’s contribution, choosing to prioritize efficient electric propulsion over burning hydrocarbons. When tootling around at parking lot speeds with the engine off, the RX emits a barely audible – yet humorous – cartoon spaceship sound.
   2014 Lexus RX 450h seating & trunk. Click image to enlarge |
Handling is less objectionable than accelerating if only because the driver is fairly removed from the process. Sure it’s the driver’s will of direction that’s being met, but any sensation of being connected to what the tires are doing is almost completely engineered away in both of these machines.
The upside to this disconnect is a remarkably serene in-cabin experience. Both the Infiniti and Lexus are incredibly quiet and ride with sublime suppleness. The QX60’s ability to absorb significant bumps impressed Jacob Black who claimed, “The ride is pillow-soft, gliding over craters and potholes with total grace.”
Up to seven passengers can enjoy the Infiniti’s graceful ride versus the Lexus’s five-passenger capability, and indeed when it came time to drive our seven-person evaluation team to lunch, it was the Infiniti that was chosen for shuttle duty, its impractical cream-coloured interior least likely to cause claustrophobic panic attacks.
  2014 Lexus RX 450h & 2014 Infiniti QX60 Hybrid dashboard. Click image to enlarge |
However, our contingent of evaluators preferred the more luxurious Lexus interior with its pleasing saddle-brown leather contrasting nicely against the soft-touch black plastics and wood trim. And despite the Lexus mouse-like infotainment interface that proved frustrating to some, the ergonomics and gauges were voted best of the lot in this group. The RX’s stereo system produces rich, full sound and lots of power.
Of special note, the RX450h claimed the Cabin Storage category by a decisive margin (its only other outright category win) thanks to a cavernous centre console that features a false-floor revealing the “smuggler’s bin” beneath, ideal for hiding even more loot.
While the Lexus showed its strength in overall competence claiming no unshared category losses (and only a couple of shared ones), the Infiniti consistently posted the low marks in nearly every driver or driving-related rating.
    2014 Infiniti QX60 Hybrid seating & trunk. Click image to enlarge |
Perhaps being too closely tied to its more pedestrian Nissan Pathfinder sister, the QX60 hybrid was simply outclassed in this group, and even against its other hybrid competitor. A case could be made that with the lowest price, we ought to cut the Infiniti some slack. The Lexus – at nearly $79,000 – is almost $14,000 dearer than the Infiniti and caused it to drop from fourth place overall to fifth in this test.
While the German competitors continue to be primarily focused on the continual development of ever-increasing diesel efficiency, these two Japanese counterparts are putting their eggs in the hybrid basket. Amongst this group, failing to truly deliver on both the efficiency and the driver engagement front means these comfortable high-tech hybrids still have a way to go to be overall leaders.
Still, they are each luxurious, technologically endowed and built by companies with reputations for stellar build quality. If you are set on choosing a hybrid SUV over one of the more efficient and enjoyable diesels or the all-round capability of the gasoline utes, it is the luxurious, comfortable and efficient RX450h that wins our vote.
2nd: Infiniti QX60 Hybrid (7th overall)
1st: Lexus RX450h (5th overall)
   2014 BMW X5 xDrive35i, 2014 Land Rover Range Rover Sport V6, 2014 Acura MDX Elite. Click image to enlarge |
The Gasoline Utes
BMW X5 xDrive35i, Land Rover Range Rover Sport and Acura MDX
The traditional petrol engine was well represented in this test, with BMW, Land Rover and Acura all throwing their hats in the ring. This segment is where we found the most expensive SUV of the lot, the $86,610 Range Rover Sport, while the BMW was second dearest at $83,740 and the Acura the second cheapest at $68,085. That low, low price helped the Acura jump from sixth on raw scores to third overall, while the Range Rover went from third to sixth – what synergy!
And while the MDX was unloved on the score sheet and lunch-time banter, Lesley Wimbush summed up the drawcard the little MDX was packing: “Seriously, what’s with the Acura-hate? How can you not love a parrot-beaked little hauler that shows up to the party with its own holiday beanie?” she said. “While it wouldn’t be my first choice in the category, I think the MDX acquitted itself rather well overall – easy to drive, comfortable and relatively economical, it would make a decent all-rounder.”
   2014 BMW X5 xDrive35i, 2014 Land Rover Range Rover Sport V6, 2014 Acura MDX Elite dashboard. Click image to enlarge |
The Range Rover was tied with the ML 350 for best-looking rig on the day and the Acura was beaten only by the unfortunate QX60 for ugliest duckling on the pond. The MDX claimed the interior-styling booby prize by a small margin over the Infiniti and went on to score dead last in every interior score. It just couldn’t compete. The BMW X5, meanwhile, claimed victory in interior styling, usability/ergonomics and quality, while the Range Rover finished mid-pack.
Lesley gushed over the “heady aroma of that lovely chocolate brown leather” before also pointing out that the BMW was “undisputedly the driver’s car of the bunch” thanks to its “tight handling, flat cornering and nicely weighted steering”. Big-nosed Jeff Wilson joined in on the smellathon, “This is the one vehicle in this test that tantalizes all five senses,” he exclaimed, shortly after declaring that the X5’s “butter-soft seats” make him want to drive naked. He’s lucky we didn’t wipe 10 points off the BMW’s score just for it triggering that mental image. [Wait, back up a minute there… the five senses include taste (and not the figurative kind) last time I checked… What was going on while I was away? –Ed.]
The X5 also claimed overall victory for the driving position and for features, amenities and content.
When it comes to passenger seating, a high-floor gave the Range Rover the lowest marks for ease of entry front and rear, but only the Acura and Infiniti came with a third row. The MDX won in this category and overall for third-row comfort and access, as well as for practicality and flexibility. Curiously, it also tied with the Infiniti and Lexus overall for cargo space. The X5 and Range Rover were tied with the Cayenne for last.
The X5 xDrive35i packed a turbocharged 3.0L V6 with 300 hp @ 5,800 rpm and 300 lb-ft @ 1,300 rpm. The Range Rover Sport was the V6 edition, with its supercharged 3.0L V6 punching out 340 hp and lb-ft @ 3,500 rpm. The Acura’s 3.5L V6 was the biggest but also the least powerful with 290 hp @6,200 rpm and 267 lb-ft @ 4,500; natural aspiration will do that do you.
Perhaps most importantly to consumers though are the fuel economy numbers, in which BMW leads this trio at 10.7 L/100km in EPA combined ratings, followed closely by the MDX at 11.2 with the Range Rover lagging behind at 12.4 L/100km.
The Range Rover Sport topped the powertrain category for its hot-rod engine and raucous transmission, with the BMW close behind. The MDX was fifth here, coming in behind both diesels but ahead of the hybrids.
   2014 BMW X5 xDrive35i seating & trunk. Click image to enlarge |
The X5 lost by a hair to the ML 350 for ease of driving and by the same narrow margin to the Cayenne for handling, but its top-down camera combined with those two categories saw it smash all challengers for ease of parking. The strong engine, commanding driving position and solid handling also helped hand the BMW the win on ease of driving.
The X5 had no individual lasts, but shared last place with other cars in the observed fuel economy, cargo space and child seat installation categories.
Range Rover Sport’s poor EPA rating and high price gave it two individual lasts in Value and EPA Fuel Rating to go along with its loss in the ease of entry category. The usability of the infotainment system was nowhere near as awful as the MDX, but still drew the ire of Jeff. “The seats are pretty good – but not the best, and the control – particularly the infotainment system – feels dated despite this being a brand new design.”
   2014 Land Rover Range Rover Sport V6 seating & trunk. Click image to enlarge |
Despite those shortcomings photographer Chris Coughlin was enamoured with the brutish Rover. “This vehicle is big, handsome and all Boy,” he said. “It felt the largest and heaviest by far, but its big engine, brakes, wheels and suspension quickly inspired confidence and showed a willingness to get into the chase. Its styling was certainly the most admired of the lot and justly so. The interior feels incredibly spacious, thoughtfully designed to sweep up and away and plush enough to have even your posh friends calling “shotgun”. A sailboat wouldn’t seem out of place on the accessories checklist. Overall, the nicest truck out there anywhere.”
For Jeff Wilson the Sport’s engine was a highlight. “The supercharged V6 is willful and makes the Sport the unofficial drag strip winner in this group. Plus the sound of that blown V6 is spine-tingling – no surprise that this musical mill is related to the Jaguar F-Type’s siren-song engine,” he said.
Among this group, the Range Rover Sport topped the cachet points (equal second with Mercedes-Benz overall) while Acura’s MDX took out value (second overall).
    2014 Acura MDX Elite seating & trunk. Click image to enlarge |
Overwhelmingly the BMW X5 was the winner in this group, and second overall. The overall gap between the Mercedes-Benz and the BMW was just 2.3 percent when all the scores were tallied – making this one of the closest Autos.ca comparison tests of all time. In fact, many of us felt that a diesel-powered X5 might have been the better knife for this fight with Brian Weeks summing it up best. “Put the Benz diesel (my best engine of the bunch) in here and the rest could just go home,” he said.
And so, by the narrowest of margins, BMW loses the overall trophy, but wins the petrol-engine bracket comfortably over the Acura MDX with the Land Rover Range Rover Sport a price-adjusted third.
3rd: Land Rover Range Rover Sport (6th overall)
2nd: Acura MDX (3rd overall)
1st: BMW X5 xDrive35i (2nd overall)
  2014 Mercedes-Benz ML350 BlueTEC & 2014 Porsche Cayenne Diesel. Click image to enlarge |
The Diesels
Mercedes-Benz ML 350 Bluetec and Porsche Cayenne Diesel
Of our esteemed group of luxury utes, only two were diesels. It’s probably not surprising that both were German, given that nation’s love for the frugal powertrain.
Priced about mid-pack, our two German oil-burners were stickered within one thousand dollars of each other.
But there the similarities end. Although the Mercedes-Benz ML 350 Bluetec and Porsche Cayenne Diesel are both beautifully engineered premium luxury utility vehicles, they each exhibit quite different characteristics.
At first glance, the eye is drawn quickly to the Porsche, with its raked roofline, sexy coupe-like front end and dynamic lines.
But there’s something reassuring about the quiet solidity of the Mercedes – the chiselled sheet metal in subtle charcoal grey, as respectable as a Frankfurt banker in a Hugo Boss suit. Obviously I wasn’t the only one who felt this way, as the ML tied with the Range Rover Sport for top marks in exterior design.
The Cayenne’s interior received high marks from the Autos.ca team. It features the same interior treatment found in most Porsches: the cockpit-dividing centre console featuring an orderly array of switchgear, machined aluminum trim, and plump stitched leather seats that fit the backside like they’ve been custom molded to it. Only the BMW X5 scored higher in this group for interior styling.
The ML’s interior ranked about mid-pack in this group. It’s a dark, rather sombre environment but like most offerings from this premium manufacturer, it’s well-crafted using first-rate materials. Seats are really comfortable, providing a more relaxed driving position than in the sporty, high-bolstering of the Porsche.
  2014 Mercedes-Benz ML350 BlueTEC & 2014 Porsche Cayenne Diesel dashboard. Click image to enlarge |
The ML scored the highest points in the group for ease of entry and positively voluminous second row. There was plenty of shoulder, leg and headroom for rear passengers. It also ranked highest in the group for ease of child-seat installation with its quickly accessible tether. The Cayenne, on the other hand, ranked worst in group for its cramped rear space and frustratingly fiddly kid’s seat installation process.
In this segment, a high level of luxurious features is expected – and for the most part the competitors don’t disappoint. All except one are so well appointed that they fall within decimal points of each other.
The exception is the Cayenne. Like most Porsches, it’s low on standard content, and any additional features come with a high price tag. It’s the only one of the bunch without a back-up camera – available as part of a $10,990 Premium Plus Package, along with Parking Assist and Lane Change systems that all the other test vehicles did have at this price point. This helped contribute to the Porsche’s low sightlines score.
The poor Cayenne also trailed the pack for cargo space, cargo flexibility and cabin storage, while the ML was mid-pack in all three.
   2014 Porsche Cayenne Diesel seating & trunk. Click image to enlarge |
The ML took the top marks for noise, vibration and harshness, its smooth performance and quiet ride gave it the most poised ride of the group.
It was also best in the group for both ease of driving and ride comfort.
Surprisingly – the Cayenne came in at the bottom for ride comfort – for me, the firm ride was a plus, but apparently the rest of the judges thought otherwise. However, it took the top marks for handling – given its Porsche DNA, this should be no surprise.
It was also just a fraction below the BMW X5, the winner for driving enjoyment, with the ML just another fraction below it.
   2014 Mercedes-Benz ML350 BlueTEC seating & trunk. Click image to enlarge |
Long gone are the days when diesels were notable for their harsh, clattering performance, lack of refinement and objectionable smell. Both the ML and the Cayenne scored well for their powertrains, with the Range Rover Sport taking the top marks for its powerful supercharged V6.
At $74,625, the ML was priced mid-pack, yet was voted “best value” of the bunch. For that price, it came with almost every conceivable safety and technology feature, including an adjustable ride height that raised the car for more off-road ground clearance.
The Cayenne was slightly more expensive at $75,415.
Despite some of its shortcomings in other categories, the Porsche was the hands-down winner for “cachet” – that subjective value of desirability that this German sports brand has in droves. It also scored the top mark for fuel economy, with one of our writers observing average fuel numbers in the mid-7 L/100 km range. The ML was right behind it, proving the excellent efficiency of these new clean diesel powerplants.
At the end of the day, the Mercedes took the top spot for overall winner – quiet, beautifully engineered and comfortable to drive, it would be the easiest of the bunch to live with. With highs and lows all over the score chart – the Cayenne ended up mid-pack overall.
2nd: Porsche Cayenne Diesel (4th overall)
1st: Mercedes-Benz ML 350 Bluetec (1st overall)
Conclusion
If this comparison were a team sport, we’d be awarding this victory to the diesel team. The strong power delivery and smooth running delivered by a torque-heavy diesel gives rise to a thoroughly luxurious driving experience. The petrol engines punched hard, but fell short in the end, while the hybrids showed promise but lacked execution.
Each group had their MVP and this bracketed competition came down to a one-on-one shootout between the two German heavyweights. The seminal luxury SUVs are still the ones to beat, but don’t let the scoresheet fool you – this was no easy victory. The final spread of scores between the seven was less than seven percent.
But in all Autos.ca comparison tests, a winner must be crowned and in this one it was the Mercedes-Benz ML 350 Bluetec.
  2014 Luxury SUV Comparison. Click image to enlarge |
Overall Rankings:
1st: Mercedes-Benz ML 350 Bluetec
2nd: BMW X5 335i
3rd: Acura MDX
4th: Porsche Cayenne Diesel
5th: Lexus RX450h
6th: Land Rover Range Rover Sport
7th: Infiniti QX60h
Pricing:
2014 Acura MDX Elite
Base Price (base trim): $49,990
Base Price (Elite): $65,990
Options: N/A
A/C Tax: $100
Freight and PDI: $1,995
Price as Tested: $68,085
2014 BMW X5 xDrive35i
Base Price (xDrive35i): $62,990
Options: Premium Package (universal remote control, comfort access, heated rear seats, auto four-zone climate control, lights package, surround view, navigation, head-up display, SiriusXM) – $5,500, Technology Package (Active LED headlights and fog lights, high-beam assistant, blind-spot detection, active protection, lane departure and collision warning ($3,800), ConnectDrive – $850, Bang and Olufsen Sound – $4,900, Extended Nappa Leather – $1,900, 20-inch alloys – $995, aluminum running boards – $800
A/C Tax: $100
Freight and PDI: $2,095
Price as Tested: $83,840
2014 Infiniti QX60 Hybrid
Base Price (base trim): $43,000
Base Price (AWD): $48,950
Options: Premium Package (navigation, telematics, BOSE premium audio 13 speakers, two-position driver’s memory seat, around view monitor, moving object detection, front and rear sonar) – $5,000, Technology package (back-up collision intervention, intelligent brake assist with forward collision warning, blind-spot warning and protection, lane departure prevention, remote engine start) – $3,500, Deluxe Touring (20-inch aluminum wheels, BOSE cabin surround 15 speakers, panoramic moonroof – $3,200, Theatre (dual seven-inch monitors, two headphones) $2,300, Three-coat paint – $300).
A/C Tax: $100
Freight and PDI: $1,995
Price as Tested: $65,345
2014 Land Rover Range Rover Sport V6
Base Price (base trim): $73,990
Base Price (trim tested): $78,990
Options: Sirius Satellite Radio – $450, Grand Black Veneer – $350, 21-inch wheels – $1,800, Vision and Convenience Package (Blind Spot Monitor with Closing Vehicle Sensing and Reverse Traffic Detection, Surround Camera System, Park Assist, Soft Door Close) – $2,250, Climate Comfort & Visibility Pack (Climate Front Seats and Heated Rear Seats, Front Centre Console Cooler Compartment, 16 way Front Seats, Automatic Headlights with High Beam Assist (AHBA), Auto Dimming, Heated, Adjustable, powerfold Mirrors with approach lamps and memory, Adaptive Xenon Headlights with LED Signature) – $1,300.
A/C Tax: $100
Freight and PDI: $1,470
Price as Tested: $86,710
2014 Lexus RX450h
Base Price (base trim): $50,600
Base Price (trim tested): $62,300
Options: Executive Package (Heated Wood Steering Wheel, P235/55R19 Tires, 19″ Aluminum Alloy Wheels, 15 Speaker Mark Levinson Surround Sound Audio System, 2 sets of Wireless Headphones, Dual Screen Rear Seat DVD Entertainment System, Audio & DVD Remote Control, 7.1 Channel Surround Sound Speaker Architecture, Pre Collision System, Blind Spot Monitor, Front Seat Power Thigh Support, Premium Leather Seat Surfaces, Dynamic Radar Cruise Control, Intuitive Parking Assist, 120V/400-watt Power Outlet, Voice-activated HDD Navigation System with Remote Touch, XM Real-time Traffic Capability, Head-Up Display, Roof Rail Crossbars, Woodgrain Trim, Leather and Wood Shift Knob, Leather and Wood Steering Wheel, Front Illuminated Doorsill Trim, LED Headlamps, Delete Digital Compass in Electrochromic Rear View Mirror) – $14,675>
A/C Tax: $100
Freight and PDI: $1,995
Price as Tested: $79,070
2014 Mercedes-Benz ML 350 BlueTEC
Base Price (base trim): $59,900
Base Price (trim tested): $61,400
Options: Driving Assistance Package – $800, Premium Package – $5,900, Sport Package – $2,600, Bi-Xenon Headlamp Package – $1,000, Aluminum Running Boards – $750
A/C Tax: $100
Freight and PDI: $2,075
Price as Tested: $74,625
2014 Porsche Cayenne Diesel
Base Price (base trim): $49,990
Base Price (trim tested): $65,500
Options: 18” Cayenne S III Wheel, $450; High Gloss Black Exterior Trim, $180; Premium Package, $8,170.
A/C Tax: $100
Freight and PDI: $1,115
Price as tested: $75,515
Crash Test Results:
National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA)
Insurance Institute for Highway Safety (IIHS)
