#4 I believe there is a considerable difference in driving education between Europe and NA. It would be politically impossible to make the attainment of a driving licence in NA as difficult or expensive as it is in, say, Germany or France...sadly.
I don't know if any of that extra training involves being more attentive to cyclists or not but I have driven around both rural and highly urban France ( Paris) and seen drivers paying attention to cyclists AND cyclists who do hand signals, stop at red lights and ride the right way on one-way streets.